ASTM A335/A335M Standard Specification for Seamless Ferritic Alloy-Steel Pipe for High-Temperature Service.

ASTM A335/A335M高溫用無(wú)縫鐵素體合金鋼管標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)范。

This specification covers seamless ferritic alloy-steel pipe for high-temperature service. The pipe shall be suitable for bending, flanging (vanstoning), and similar forming operations, and for fusion welding. Grade P2 and P12 steel pipes shall be made by coarse-grain melting practice. The steel material shall conform to chemical composition, tensile property, and hardness requirements. Each length of pipe shall be subjected to the hydrostatic test. Also, each pipe shall be examined by a non-destructive examination method in accordance to the required practices. The range of pipe sizes that may be examined by each method shall be subjected to the limitations in the scope of the respective practices. The different mechanical test requirements for pipes, namely, transverse or longitudinal tension test, flattening test, and hardness or bend test are presented.

本規(guī)范涵蓋高溫用無(wú)縫鐵素體合金鋼管。管道應(yīng)適用于彎曲、翻邊（vanstoning）和類(lèi)似的成型操作，以及熔焊。P2和P12級(jí)鋼管應(yīng)采用粗晶粒熔煉工藝制造。鋼材應(yīng)符合化學(xué)成分、拉伸性能和硬度要求。每段管道都應(yīng)進(jìn)行靜水壓試驗(yàn)。此外，應(yīng)按照要求的做法，采用無(wú)損檢測(cè)方法對(duì)每根管道進(jìn)行檢查。每種方法可以檢查的管道尺寸范圍應(yīng)受到各自實(shí)踐范圍的限制。介紹了管道的不同力學(xué)試驗(yàn)要求，即橫向或縱向拉伸試驗(yàn)、壓扁試驗(yàn)和硬度或彎曲試驗(yàn)。

What is ASTM A335 material?  ASTM A335材料是什么？

ASTM A335 is a standard specification for seamless ferritic alloy-steel pipe intended for high-temperature service. This material is commonly used in power plants, refineries, and other industrial settings where high-temperature and high-pressure conditions are encountered. The "A" in ASTM A335 stands for "alloy," indicating that the pipe is made from alloy steel, which typically includes elements such as chromium, molybdenum, and sometimes vanadium to enhance its high-temperature properties.

ASTM A335是用于高溫環(huán)境的無(wú)縫鐵素體合金鋼管的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)范。這種材料通常用于發(fā)電廠、煉油廠和其他遇到高溫高壓條件的工業(yè)環(huán)境。ASTM A335中的“A”代表“合金”，表示管道由合金鋼制成，通常包括鉻、鉬等元素，有時(shí)還包括釩，以提高其高溫性能。

Scope范圍

1 This specification covers nominal wall and minimum wall seamless ferritic alloy-steel pipe intended for high-temperature service. Pipe ordered to this specification shall be suitable for bending, flanging (vanstoning), and similar forming operations, and for fusion welding. Selection will depend upon design, service conditions, mechanical properties, and high-temperature characteristics.

1本規(guī)范涵蓋了用于高溫環(huán)境的標(biāo)稱(chēng)壁厚和最小壁厚無(wú)縫鐵素體合金鋼管。根據(jù)本規(guī)范訂購(gòu)的管道應(yīng)適用于彎曲、翻邊（vanstoning）和類(lèi)似的成型操作，以及熔焊。選擇將取決于設(shè)計(jì)、使用條件、機(jī)械性能和高溫特性。

2 Several grades of ferritic steels (see Note 1) are covered. Their compositions are given in Table 1.

2涵蓋了幾種等級(jí)的鐵素體鋼（見(jiàn)注釋1）。它們的組成如表1所示。
Note 1.. Ferritic steels in this specification are defined as low- and intermediate-alloy steels containing up to and including 10% chromium.

注1.本規(guī)范中的鐵素體鋼是指鉻含量高達(dá)10%的低合金鋼和中合金鋼。

3 Supplementary requirements (S1 to S7) of an optional nature are provided. These supplementary requirements call for additional tests to be made, and when desired, shall be so stated in the order together with the number of such tests required.

3提供了可選性質(zhì)的補(bǔ)充要求（S1至S7）。這些補(bǔ)充要求要求進(jìn)行額外的測(cè)試，如有需要，應(yīng)在訂單中注明所需的測(cè)試次數(shù)。

4 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specification. The inch-pound units shall apply unless the "M" designation of this specification is specified in the order.

4以英寸-磅單位或國(guó)際單位表示的值應(yīng)單獨(dú)視為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)值。在文本中，國(guó)際單位制顯示在括號(hào)中。每個(gè)系統(tǒng)中所述的值不是完全等效的；因此，每個(gè)系統(tǒng)都必須獨(dú)立使用。結(jié)合兩個(gè)系統(tǒng)的值可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致不符合規(guī)范。除非訂單中指定了本規(guī)范的“M”名稱(chēng)，否則應(yīng)采用英寸-磅單位。

Note The dimensionless designator NPS (nominal pipe size) has been substituted in this standard for such traditional terms as "nominal diameter", "size", and "nominal size".

注：本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中用無(wú)量綱指示符NPS（公稱(chēng)管道尺寸）代替了“公稱(chēng)直徑”、“尺寸”和“公稱(chēng)尺寸”等傳統(tǒng)術(shù)語(yǔ)。

Why ASTM A335 seamless steel pipe is popular in high temperature application?  為什么ASTM A335無(wú)縫鋼管在高溫應(yīng)用中很受歡迎？

ASTM A335 Seamless Steel Pipe is generally named chrome moly pipe for the chemical elements- Molybdenum and Chromium. Molybdenum improves steel performances as steel strength, elastic limit, wear resistance, impact and hardenability.

ASTM A335無(wú)縫鋼管因其化學(xué)元素——鉬和鉻，通常被稱(chēng)為鉻鉬管。鉬提高了鋼的強(qiáng)度、彈性極限、耐磨性、沖擊性和淬透性等性能。

ASTM A335 seamless steel pipe is a popular choice for high-temperature applications due to several key reasons:

ASTM A335無(wú)縫鋼管是高溫應(yīng)用的熱門(mén)選擇，原因有幾個(gè)：

1. High-temperature resistance: ASTM A335 seamless steel pipe is designed to withstand high temperatures up to 600°C (1112°F), making it an ideal material for high-temperature applications such as steam pipelines and heat exchangers.

1.耐高溫：ASTM A335無(wú)縫鋼管的設(shè)計(jì)可承受高達(dá)600°C（1112°F）的高溫，使其成為蒸汽管道和換熱器等高溫應(yīng)用的理想材料。

2. Corrosion resistance: ASTM A335 seamless steel pipe exhibits good corrosion resistance in aggressive environments, such as those found in chemical processing and oil and gas industries.

2.耐腐蝕性：ASTM A335無(wú)縫鋼管在化學(xué)加工和石油天然氣工業(yè)等侵蝕性環(huán)境中具有良好的耐腐蝕性。

3. High strength: ASTM A335 seamless steel pipe has high tensile strength and yield strength, making it ideal for use in high-pressure applications.

3.高強(qiáng)度：ASTM A335無(wú)縫鋼管具有高抗拉強(qiáng)度和屈服強(qiáng)度，是高壓應(yīng)用的理想選擇。

4. Good weldability: ASTM A335 seamless steel pipe can be easily welded using traditional methods, with no need for preheating or post-weld heat treatment.

4.良好的焊接性：ASTM A335無(wú)縫鋼管可以使用傳統(tǒng)方法輕松焊接，無(wú)需預(yù)熱或焊后熱處理。

5. Uniform properties: ASTM A335 seamless steel pipe is produced using a consistent manufacturing process, ensuring that each pipe has uniform properties and quality.

5.性能均勻：ASTM A335無(wú)縫鋼管采用一致的制造工藝生產(chǎn)，確保每根管道具有均勻的性能和質(zhì)量。

6. Cost-effective: Despite its superior properties, ASTM A335 seamless steel pipe remains an affordable option for high-temperature applications.

6.成本效益：盡管ASTM A335無(wú)縫鋼管具有優(yōu)越的性能，但對(duì)于高溫應(yīng)用來(lái)說(shuō)，它仍然是一種經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)惠的選擇。

In summary, ASTM A335 seamless steel pipe is popular in high-temperature applications due to its high-temperature resistance, corrosion resistance, high strength, good weldability, uniform properties, and cost-effectiveness. Its combination of properties makes it an ideal choice for use in various high-temperature and high-pressure applications, especially in the power generation, chemical processing, and oil and gas industries.

綜上所述，ASTM A335無(wú)縫鋼管因其耐高溫、耐腐蝕、強(qiáng)度高、可焊性好、性能均勻、成本效益高等優(yōu)點(diǎn)，在高溫應(yīng)用中廣受歡迎。其綜合性能使其成為各種高溫高壓應(yīng)用的理想選擇，特別是在發(fā)電、化學(xué)加工和石油天然氣行業(yè)。

Referenced Documents (purchase separately)  參考文件（單獨(dú)購(gòu)買(mǎi)） 

• A999/A999M Specification for General Requirements for Alloy and Stainless Steel Pipe
• A999/A999M合金和不銹鋼管一般要求規(guī)范
• E213 Practice for Ultrasonic Examination of Metal Pipe and Tubing
• E213金屬管道超聲波檢驗(yàn)規(guī)程
• E309 Practice for Eddy-Current Examination of Steel Tubular Products Using Magnetic Saturation
• E309使用磁飽和法對(duì)鋼管產(chǎn)品進(jìn)行渦流檢測(cè)的實(shí)施規(guī)程
• E381 Method of Macroetch Testing Steel Bars, Billets, Blooms, and Forgings
• E381鋼筋、鋼坯、鋼坯和鍛件宏觀腐蝕試驗(yàn)方法
• E527 Practice for Numbering Metals and Alloys in the Unified Numbering System (UNS)
• E527統(tǒng)一編號(hào)系統(tǒng)（UNS）中金屬和合金編號(hào)的實(shí)施規(guī)程
• E570 Practice for Flux Leakage Examination of Ferromagnetic Steel Tubular Products
• E570鐵磁性鋼管產(chǎn)品漏磁檢驗(yàn)規(guī)程
• B36.10M Welded and Seamless Wrought Steel Pipe
• B36.10M焊接和無(wú)縫鍛鋼管
• SAE J 1086 Practice for Numbering Metals and Alloys (UNS)
• SAE J 1086金屬和合金編號(hào)規(guī)程（UNS） 
• SNT-TC-1A Recommended Practice for Nondestructive Personnel Qualification and Certification、
• SNT-TC-1A無(wú)損人員資格鑒定和認(rèn)證推薦規(guī)程

Chemical Composition(%) of ASTM A335 pipe  ASTM A335管道的化學(xué)成分（%）

ASTM Specification pipe confirming to ASTM A335 shall have the following chemical properties. Tensile and Hardness Requirements The tensile properties of the ASTM A335 pipe shall conform to the requirements as prescribed. Pipe of Grades P91, P92, and P122 shall have a hardness not exceeding 250 HB/265 HV [25 HRC]. For pipe of Grades P91, P92, P122, and P911, Brinell, Vickers, or Rockwell hardness tests shall be made on a specimen from each lot (see Note 7). These pipe bear high resistance to rupture at high temperature and pressures. With hydrogen crack resistance and sulfide stress corrosion cracking chrome moly pipe are highly preferred over Carbon pipe.

符合ASTM A335的ASTM規(guī)范管道應(yīng)具有以下化學(xué)性能。拉伸和硬度要求ASTM A335管道的拉伸性能應(yīng)符合規(guī)定的要求。P91、P92和P122級(jí)管道的硬度不得超過(guò)250 HB/265 HV[25 HRC]。對(duì)于P91、P92、P122和P911級(jí)的管道，應(yīng)對(duì)每批試樣進(jìn)行布氏、維氏或洛氏硬度試驗(yàn)（見(jiàn)注釋7）。這些管道在高溫高壓下具有很高的抗破裂性。鉻鉬管具有抗氫裂紋和硫化物應(yīng)力腐蝕開(kāi)裂性能，比碳管更受歡迎。

Chrome Moly Pipes: Werkstoff vs EN vs ASTM  鉻鉬管：Werkstoff與EN與ASTM

ASTM A335 pipe may be either hot finished or cold drawn with the finishing treatment as required in Grade P2 and P12 – The steel shall be made by coarse- grain melting practice. Specific limits, if any, on grain size or deoxidation practice shall be a matter of agreement between the manufacturer and purchaser.

ASTM A335管道可進(jìn)行熱精加工或冷拔，并按照P2和P12級(jí)的要求進(jìn)行精加工處理。鋼材應(yīng)采用粗晶粒熔煉工藝制造。粒徑或脫氧實(shí)踐的具體限制（如有）應(yīng)由制造商和買(mǎi)方協(xié)商確定。

Tensile Requirements拉伸要求

Product Analysis At the request of the purchaser, an analysis of two pipe from each lot shall be made by the manufacturer. A lot of ASTM A335 pipe shall consist of the following: NPS Designator Under 2 400 or fraction thereof 2 to 5 200 or fraction thereof 6 and over 100 or fraction thereof. Note: ASTM A335 P91 shall not have a hardness not exceeding 250 HB/265 HV [25HRC].

產(chǎn)品分析應(yīng)買(mǎi)方要求，制造商應(yīng)對(duì)每批中的兩根管道進(jìn)行分析。許多ASTM A335管道應(yīng)由以下部分組成：NPS指示符2 400以下或2至5 200以下或6至100以上或其部分。注：ASTM A335 P91的硬度不得超過(guò)250 HB/265 HV[25HRC]。

Mechanical properties of ASTM A335  ASTM A335的機(jī)械性能

It also enhances the corrosion resistance of steel, and inhibits pitting. Chromium (or chrome) is the essential constituent of stainless steel. Any steel with 12% or more Chrome is considered stainless. Chrome is virtually irreplaceable in resisting oxidation at elevated temperatures. Chrome raises the tensile, yield, and hardness at room temperatures. The composition chrome moly alloy steel pipe make it ideal for use in power plants, refineries, petro chemical plants, and oil field services where fluids and gases are transported at extremely high temperatures and pressures.

它還增強(qiáng)了鋼的耐腐蝕性，并抑制了點(diǎn)蝕。鉻（或鉻）是不銹鋼的基本成分。任何含有12%或更多鉻的鋼都被認(rèn)為是不銹鋼。鉻在高溫下抗氧化方面幾乎是不可替代的。鉻在室溫下提高了拉伸強(qiáng)度、屈服強(qiáng)度和硬度。鉻鉬合金鋼管的成分使其成為在極高溫度和壓力下運(yùn)輸流體和氣體的發(fā)電廠、煉油廠、石化廠和油田服務(wù)的理想選擇。

Heat Treatment Requirements  熱處理要求

Material & Manufacture  材料與制造

Pipe may be either hot finished or cold drawn with the finishing heat treatment noted below.

管道可以進(jìn)行熱精加工或冷拔，并進(jìn)行以下精加工熱處理。

Heat Treatment熱處理

• A / N+T
• N+T / Q+T
• N+T

Mechanical Tests Specified規(guī)定的機(jī)械試驗(yàn)

• Transverse or Longitudinal Tension Test and Flattening Test, Hardness Test, or Bend Test
• 橫向或縱向拉伸試驗(yàn)和壓扁試驗(yàn)、硬度試驗(yàn)或彎曲試驗(yàn)
• For material heat treated in a batch-type furnace, tests shall be made on 5% of the pipe from each treated lot. For small lots, at least one pipe shall be tested.
• 對(duì)于在分批式爐中熱處理的材料，應(yīng)對(duì)每個(gè)處理批次的5%的管道進(jìn)行測(cè)試。對(duì)于小批量，應(yīng)至少測(cè)試一根管道。
• For material heat treated by the continuous process, tests shall be made on a sufficient number of pipe to constitute 5% of the lot, but in no case less than 2 pipe.
• 對(duì)于連續(xù)工藝熱處理的材料，應(yīng)在足夠數(shù)量的管道上進(jìn)行測(cè)試，以構(gòu)成該批的5%，但在任何情況下不得少于2根管道。

Notes for Hardness Test硬度試驗(yàn)注意事項(xiàng)

• P11 shall not have a hardness not exceeding 250 HB/265 HV [25HRC].
• P11的硬度不得超過(guò)250 HB/265 HV[25HRC]。

Notes for Bend Test彎曲試驗(yàn)注意事項(xiàng)

• For pipe whose diameter exceeds NPS 25 and whose diameter to wall thickness ratio is 7.0 or less shall be subjected to the bend test instead of the flattening test.
• 對(duì)于直徑超過(guò)NPS 25且直徑與壁厚比為7.0或更小的管道，應(yīng)進(jìn)行彎曲試驗(yàn)，而不是壓扁試驗(yàn)。
• Other pipe whose diameter equals or exceeds NPS 10 may be given the bend test in place of the flattening test subject to the approval of the purchaser.
• 經(jīng)買(mǎi)方批準(zhǔn)，直徑等于或超過(guò)NPS 10的其他管道可進(jìn)行彎曲試驗(yàn)，以代替壓扁試驗(yàn)。
• The bend test specimens shall be bent at room temperature through 180 without cracking on the outside of the bent portion.
• 彎曲試樣應(yīng)在室溫下彎曲180度，彎曲部分外側(cè)不得開(kāi)裂。

FAQs About ASTM A335 Chrome Moly Pipe  ASTM A335鉻鉬管常見(jiàn)問(wèn)題

Q1. What industries commonly use ASTM A335 Chrome Moly Pipe?

Q1.哪些行業(yè)通常使用ASTM A335鉻鉬管？
It is extensively used in power generation, petrochemicals, oil and gas, and aerospace industries.

它廣泛應(yīng)用于發(fā)電、石化、石油和天然氣以及航空航天工業(yè)。

Q2. Can ASTM A335 Chrome Moly Pipe withstand high pressures?

Q2.ASTM A335鉻鉬管能承受高壓?jiǎn)幔?/font>
Yes, it is known for its ability to handle high-pressure environments effectively.